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Seventy-seventh Amendment of the Constitution of India : ウィキペディア英語版
Seventy-seventh Amendment of the Constitution of India

The Seventy-seventh Amendment of the Constitution of India, officially known as The Constitution (Seventy-seventh Amendment) Act, 1995, created a provision for reservation in matters of promotion to any class or classes of posts in the services under the State in favour of the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes which, in the opinion of the State, are not adequately represented in the services under the State. The Supreme Court in its judgment dated 16 November 1992, in the case of ''Indra Sawhney and Others v. Union of India and Others'', had observed that reservation of appointments or posts under article 16(4) of the Constitution is confined to initial appointment and cannot extend to reservation in the matter of promotion. The Amendment got around the Supreme Court ruling by inserting a new clause 4A in article 16 of the Constitution.〔 〕
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